Q: Explain the Order of Execution in Salesforce when a record is saved.

Roughly: system validation → before-save Flows and before triggers → duplicate rules → other validation rules → after-save Flows and after triggers → assignment/auto-response rules → workflow rules (legacy) → escalation rules → roll-up summary recalculation → post-commit logic (async Apex, outbound messages, Platform Event publish).

Q: Explain the LWC lifecycle hooks.

constructor() → connectedCallback() → render() → renderedCallback(), with disconnectedCallback() firing on removal from the DOM. For the full breakdown including when to use each one, see our LWC Interview Questions guide.

Q: A batch job is set with a batch size of 2000 but is processing 10,001 records in chunks of 2000 — what happens across the batches, and what happens with the 6th (final partial) batch?

The job runs 6 execute() calls total — five full chunks of 2000 records each (10,000 total) and a sixth chunk containing just the remaining 1 record.

Q: If you call a future method from a trigger, does it get its own fresh set of governor limits?

Yes — a future method always executes in a completely separate transaction from the one that enqueued it, so it gets its own full governor-limit budget rather than sharing whatever limits the triggering transaction had already consumed.

Question 1

When an Account is updated with the Billing City field, the same Billing City should update on related Contacts. Write the trigger.

Accepted Answer

On Account after update, detect where BillingCity actually changed by comparing Trigger.new to Trigger.oldMap, then bulk-update the related Contacts' MailingCity to match.

Question 2

Explain the Order of Execution in Salesforce when a record is saved.

Accepted Answer

Roughly: system validation &#8594; before-save Flows and before triggers &#8594; duplicate rules &#8594; other validation rules &#8594; after-save Flows and after triggers &#8594; assignment/auto-response rules &#8594; workflow rules (legacy) &#8594; escalation rules &#8594; roll-up summary recalculation &#8594; post-commit logic (async Apex, outbound messages, Platform Event publish).

Question 3

What is the difference between Future methods and Scheduled Apex?

Accepted Answer

A future method runs asynchronously almost immediately after being enqueued, with no fixed schedule and no chaining ability; Scheduled Apex runs on a cron-based recurring schedule you define, typically to kick off a Batch job at a set time.

Question 4

Explain the LWC lifecycle hooks.

Accepted Answer

constructor() &#8594; connectedCallback() &#8594; render() &#8594; renderedCallback(), with disconnectedCallback() firing on removal from the DOM. For the full breakdown including when to use each one, see our LWC Interview Questions guide.

Question 5

A batch job is set with a batch size of 2000 but is processing 10,001 records in chunks of 2000 &#8212; what happens across the batches, and what happens with the 6th (final partial) batch?

Accepted Answer

The job runs 6 execute() calls total &#8212; five full chunks of 2000 records each (10,000 total) and a sixth chunk containing just the remaining 1 record.

Question 6

What are the best practices you'd follow when writing Apex triggers?

Accepted Answer

One trigger per object routed through a handler class, bulkify everything (no SOQL/DML inside loops), enforce CRUD/FLS/sharing, avoid hardcoded Ids, and keep business logic out of the trigger body itself.

Question 7

If you call a future method from a trigger, does it get its own fresh set of governor limits?

Accepted Answer

Yes &#8212; a future method always executes in a completely separate transaction from the one that enqueued it, so it gets its own full governor-limit budget rather than sharing whatever limits the triggering transaction had already consumed.

Question 8

What deployment process does your team currently follow?

Accepted Answer

Answer with your actual pipeline: source-driven development in Salesforce DX, feature branches merged via pull request after code review, and an automated CI/CD tool (Copado, Gearset, or GitHub Actions) deploying through a defined environment promotion path (Dev &#8594; QA &#8594; UAT &#8594; Prod).

Question 9

How many future method calls are allowed in a single Apex transaction?

Accepted Answer

Up to 50 future method calls are allowed per Apex transaction, matching the general asynchronous Apex method limit for a single execution context.

Question 10

What's the difference between a Before trigger and an After trigger?

Accepted Answer

A before trigger runs prior to the record being saved to the database and is used to modify the record's own field values directly (no extra DML needed); an after trigger runs once the record is already committed and is used for anything touching related/child records or that needs the record's final, saved Id.

Question 11

What is the difference between Process Builder and Workflow Rules?

Accepted Answer

Workflow Rules can only do simple field updates, send emails, create tasks, or fire outbound messages on a single object; Process Builder could do all of that plus create records, update related records across objects, and call Apex/Flow &#8212; though both are now legacy, fully superseded by Flow.

Question 12

What is Database.Stateful used for in Batch Apex?

Accepted Answer

It preserves instance variable values across separate execute() invocations within the same batch job &#8212; without it, every chunk starts with completely fresh instance state, discarding whatever the previous chunk had accumulated.

Question 13

What is the difference between Static and Dynamic Dashboards?

Accepted Answer

A Static Dashboard always shows data as seen by one fixed "Running User," regardless of who's viewing it; a Dynamic Dashboard shows each viewer their own data, filtered to what that specific logged-in user has access to see.

Question 14

What are the different types of Reports and Dashboard components you've worked with?

Accepted Answer

Report types: Tabular, Summary, Matrix, and Joined; common dashboard components: bar/line/pie charts, gauges, metrics, and tables &#8212; each suited to a different way of visualizing grouped or comparative data.

Question 15

What do you understand by Governor Limits, and can you name a few?

Accepted Answer

Governor limits are hard resource caps Salesforce enforces per transaction to protect the shared multi-tenant infrastructure &#8212; examples include 100 SOQL queries, 150 DML statements, and 10,000 DML rows per transaction (synchronous context).

Question 16

Write the syntax for Batch Apex, and explain the purpose of each interface method.

Accepted Answer

Batch Apex implements Database.Batchable with three required methods: start() defines the scope of records to process, execute() runs the actual logic per chunk, and finish() runs once after all chunks complete, typically for summary notifications.

Question 17

Write a Trigger to automatically create an associated Contact whenever a new Account is created.

Accepted Answer

On Account after insert, build one Contact per new Account and insert them in bulk.

Question 18

What are the different events available in Apex Triggers?

Accepted Answer

before insert, before update, before delete, after insert, after update, after delete, and after undelete &#8212; seven distinct trigger events, notably with no "before undelete" since a record already exists by the time undelete happens.

Question 19

What is the order of execution for events in Aura components, at a high level?

Accepted Answer

Roughly: component initialization (init handler) &#8594; attribute value changes &#8594; rendering (render/afterRender) &#8594; client-side controller actions in response to user interaction, all coordinated through the framework's own internal event queue.

Question 20

What is Email-to-Case, and how does it work at a high level?

Accepted Answer

Email-to-Case automatically creates a Case record from an inbound email sent to a designated support address, populating Case fields from the email content and attaching the message thread as related EmailMessage records.

Question 21

What are the different types of Flow in Salesforce?

Accepted Answer

Screen Flow (user-facing, multi-step forms), Record-Triggered Flow (fires on record create/update/delete), Schedule-Triggered Flow (runs on a recurring schedule), Autolaunched Flow (invoked from Apex/another Flow with no UI), and Platform Event-Triggered Flow.

Question 22

Explain a scenario where you've used Aura components, even though LWC is now the default choice.

Accepted Answer

A legitimate answer: maintaining an existing Aura-based Community/App that predates LWC's introduction, or needing a feature only Aura supports natively (like certain drag-and-drop admin tooling in App Builder itself).

Question 23

What is the difference between == and === in JavaScript, and does this matter in LWC?

Accepted Answer

== performs type coercion before comparing (so '5' == 5 is true); === compares both value and type strictly without coercion (so '5' === 5 is false) &#8212; always prefer === in LWC JavaScript to avoid subtle coercion bugs.

Question 24

In the Order of Execution, what runs first &#8212; a before-save Flow or a before trigger?

Accepted Answer

Before-save (fast field update) Flow logic runs first, immediately followed by before triggers, both prior to validation rules &#8212; Salesforce processes all before-context automation (Flow and Apex trigger) before moving to validation.

Question 25

Write a trigger so that when a new Account is created, the Shipping City automatically populates from the Billing City.

Accepted Answer

On Account before insert, directly set ShippingCity = BillingCity on each new record &#8212; no extra DML needed since it's modifying the record's own field before it's saved.

Question 26

What are the Vlocity/OmniStudio basics you should know, even briefly?

Accepted Answer

OmniStudio (formerly Vlocity) provides declarative tools for building guided processes: OmniScripts (multi-step guided flows), DataRaptors (data extraction/transformation without Apex), FlexCards (reusable UI cards), and Integration Procedures (server-side orchestration).

Question 27

Explain a real-time data integration scenario between Salesforce and SAP.

Accepted Answer

A typical pattern: Salesforce exposes or consumes REST/SOAP endpoints authenticated via a Connected App and Named Credential, with middleware (often SAP PI/PO or MuleSoft) handling the actual data transformation and routing between the two systems' differing data models.

Question 28

When is the @wire adapter called in the LWC lifecycle, relative to connectedCallback?

Accepted Answer

@wire fires after connectedCallback() but before the initial render &#8212; it's reactive from the start of the component's life, not something you manually trigger from within connectedCallback. See the LWC Interview Questions guide for the complete lifecycle-and-wire interaction breakdown.

Question 29

Have you worked on migrating Aura components to LWC? What approach did you follow?

Accepted Answer

A structured migration typically inventories existing Aura components by usage/complexity, prioritizes high-traffic or high-maintenance ones first, and rebuilds them in LWC leveraging its simpler syntax and better performance, testing thoroughly against the original Aura behavior before cutover.

Question 30

Have you done any Visualforce page migrations to Lightning? What was your approach?

Accepted Answer

Assess each VF page against whether a native Lightning/LWC equivalent already exists (many standard VF use cases are now covered natively), migrate custom logic-heavy pages to LWC with an Apex controller replacing the VF controller, and use Lightning Out or embedding only as a last resort for pages too complex to justify a full rebuild.

Question 31

Have you worked on any governor limit exceptions? Give an example of how you fixed one.

Accepted Answer

Answer with a specific exception (Too Many SOQL Queries, CPU Time Limit Exceeded, Too Many DML Statements) and the concrete fix &#8212; almost always bulkifying a loop that was issuing SOQL/DML per record instead of batched.

Question 32

How did you resolve a Record Lock (UNABLE_TO_LOCK_ROW) exception?

Accepted Answer

Identified the concurrent process contending for the same record (often two automations updating the same parent record simultaneously), and either serialized the conflicting operations, reduced batch/chunk size to shorten the lock window, or used FOR UPDATE deliberately with a narrower scope.

Question 33

How do you prevent a trigger from getting stuck in a recursion loop?

Accepted Answer

Use a static Set of already-processed record Ids checked at the top of the handler (more precise than a blunt static Boolean), so legitimate updates to different records in the same transaction still process correctly.

Question 34

What kind of parameters can a Future method accept, and what are the limitations?

Accepted Answer

Only primitive types (String, Integer, Boolean, etc.) and collections of primitives &#8212; no sObjects, no custom Apex objects, and no other future/complex parameter types.

Question 35

Can you call another Batch job from a Future method?

Accepted Answer

No &#8212; a future method cannot invoke Batch Apex; attempting to call Database.executeBatch() from within a future method throws a runtime exception.

Question 36

What do Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() actually do?

Accepted Answer

They delineate a fresh governor-limit context and force any asynchronous work enqueued inside that block (future, Queueable, Batch, Scheduled) to execute synchronously the moment stopTest() completes &#8212; enabling immediate assertions on async side effects.

Question 37

How do you test a REST-exposed Apex class in a test method?

Accepted Answer

Construct a RestContext.request and RestContext.response manually with the desired request body/headers, invoke the @RestResource method directly, and assert on both the returned response and any resulting database state.

Question 38

You need to pop up a modal in LWC &#8212; for example, an edit form triggered from a button. How do you implement it?

Accepted Answer

Toggle a reactive Boolean property (e.g. showModal) on button click, conditionally render the modal markup using lwc:if bound to that property, and typically embed lightning-record-edit-form inside the modal for the actual editable fields.

Question 39

How many types of Flow are there in Salesforce as of the current release, and did you work on Schedule-Triggered Flow specifically?

Accepted Answer

Screen Flow, Record-Triggered Flow, Schedule-Triggered Flow, Autolaunched Flow, and Platform Event-Triggered Flow &#8212; Schedule-Triggered specifically runs on a defined recurring cadence (daily/weekly) independent of any record change, closer in purpose to Scheduled Apex than to a Record-Triggered Flow.

Question 40

How would you debug and resolve a CPU Time Limit exception in Apex?

Accepted Answer

Pull the debug log for the exact transaction, look for nested loops, excessive string concatenation inside a loop, or unbounded recursive calls &#8212; the CPU clock only counts actual computation time, not database wait time, so the fix is almost always algorithmic, not query-related.

Question 41

Write a Trigger to calculate the total sum of Opportunity Amounts and store it on a custom Account field, using a Trigger Context Variable correctly.

Accepted Answer

On Opportunity after insert/update/delete/undelete, gather affected AccountIds from the appropriate context variable (Trigger.new for insert/update, Trigger.old for delete), aggregate SUM(Amount) grouped by AccountId, and bulk-update the parent Accounts.

Question 42

What is the Scope parameter in Batch Apex, and how do you use it correctly?

Accepted Answer

The scope parameter (second argument to Database.executeBatch()) sets the chunk size &#8212; how many records get passed into each execute() call, defaulting to 200 if not specified, with 2000 as the maximum.

Question 43

Flow versus Trigger &#8212; how do you decide which to use for a given requirement?

Accepted Answer

Default to Flow for straightforward field updates, simple conditional logic, and anything an admin needs to maintain after handoff; reach for a Trigger when the logic is complex, needs fine bulkification control, or requires functionality (like certain callout patterns) Flow can't cleanly express.

Question 44

Write an LWC component to display Account records and their related Contacts in a datatable.

Accepted Answer

Wire an Apex method returning Accounts with a nested Contacts sub-query, flatten or structure the result for lightning-datatable columns, and bind the wired result to the datatable's data attribute. For the complete component code pattern and datatable configuration, see the LWC Interview Questions guide.

Question 45

Can we delete a User record in Production Salesforce?

Accepted Answer

No &#8212; User records can never be hard-deleted in Salesforce; they can only be deactivated (Active checkbox unchecked), which frees the license for reassignment while preserving all historical record ownership and audit trail integrity.

Question 46

How do you bypass a Validation Rule for a specific scenario without disabling it for everyone?

Accepted Answer

Wrap the rule's condition with a check against a Custom Permission (e.g. NOT($Permission.Bypass_Validation)), and assign that Custom Permission only to the specific user or integration account that needs the bypass via a Permission Set.

Question 47

Write a trigger that creates a roll-up on a parent object from a child object &#8212; for example, summing a custom Amount field from a child object onto its parent.

Accepted Answer

On the child object's after insert/update/delete/undelete, aggregate SUM() grouped by the parent lookup field, and bulk-update the parent records with the resulting totals.

Question 48

Explain Parent-to-Child and Child-to-Parent communication in LWC.

Accepted Answer

Parent to child: pass data via an @api-decorated public property on the child, referenced as an attribute in the parent's template. Child to parent: the child dispatches a CustomEvent that the parent listens for via an event handler attribute. Full syntax and code examples are in our LWC Interview Questions guide.

Question 49

What is Limit.getQueries() versus Limit.getLimitQueries() used for?

Accepted Answer

Limit.getQueries() returns the number of SOQL queries already used in the current transaction; Limit.getLimitQueries() returns the maximum allowed for that context &#8212; comparing the two lets you defensively check remaining query budget before issuing another query.

Question 50

What are the different data migration tools you've used, and can you insert Custom Settings via the Data Import Wizard?

Accepted Answer

Data Loader (bulk, CLI/desktop, supports all objects including Custom Settings), Data Import Wizard (simpler UI, standard/common custom objects only &#8212; notably it does NOT support inserting Custom Settings), and Workbench for smaller ad hoc loads.

Question 51

What happens during an Upsert operation using an External ID field?

Accepted Answer

Salesforce matches incoming records against existing ones by the specified External ID field value &#8212; a match updates the existing record, no match inserts a new one, and multiple matches on a non-unique External ID field throws an error.

Question 52

Explain the difference between Custom Settings and Custom Metadata Types.

Accepted Answer

Custom Settings store configuration data accessible without a SOQL query (counted separately from governor limits) but don't deploy with metadata packages; Custom Metadata Types ARE deployable metadata (move with packages/change sets automatically) and are queryable like records but don't get the special governor-limit-free access Custom Settings do.

Question 53

How would you handle errors inside a Batch Apex job, and how does Database.Stateful relate to error handling?

Accepted Answer

Log failures per-record inside execute() using Database.insert/update(records, false) to get partial success with a SaveResult array, persisting failure details to a custom Error_Log__c object; Database.Stateful lets you additionally track a running error count across all chunks for a summary in finish().

Question 54

Write a Trigger: whenever an Opportunity is updated to a stage older than 30 days and StageName is not Closed Won, update the Account details.

Accepted Answer

On Opportunity after update, filter for Opportunities where the last stage change is older than 30 days and StageName != 'Closed Won', then apply the required Account-level update in bulk for the affected parent Accounts.

Question 55

What is the standard convention for Parent-to-Child and Child-to-Parent communication when there's no direct relationship at all?

Accepted Answer

Lightning Message Service (LMS) via a declared Message Channel &#8212; it works across LWC, Aura, and Visualforce regardless of DOM hierarchy, unlike the parent-child @api/CustomEvent pattern which requires an actual containment relationship. Full syntax in the LWC Interview Questions guide.

Question 56

What are the best practices to resolve or avoid a SOQL 101 ("too many SOQL queries") error?

Accepted Answer

Move every SOQL query outside of loops, use Maps built from a single bulk query instead of querying inside a for-loop, and consolidate related queries into fewer, broader ones using relationship queries (parent-child sub-queries) instead of separate round-trips.

Question 57

A Lead has multiple Products associated with it. On Lead conversion, the resulting Opportunity should map to the same Products. How do you achieve this &#8212; and could this be done with a Flow instead of Apex?

Accepted Answer

Override the standard Lead Conversion process (or hook into it via Apex on the resulting Opportunity) to copy the related Product records from Lead to the newly created Opportunity as OpportunityLineItems, using the same Pricebook Entry mapping. Yes &#8212; an Autolaunched Flow triggered from a Lead Convert Apex action or a Record-Triggered Flow on the resulting Opportunity can achieve the same mapping declaratively.

Question 58

Write a trigger so that when an Opportunity's Stage changes, a Task is automatically created and assigned to the Opportunity owner.

Accepted Answer

On Opportunity after update, detect a StageName change by comparing against Trigger.oldMap, and bulk-insert a Task per changed Opportunity with WhatId set to the Opportunity and OwnerId/WhoId set appropriately.

Question 59

How would you design a Bulk API integration for an external application sending Salesforce large volumes of data?

Accepted Answer

Use the Bulk API 2.0 for high-volume asynchronous data loads (better suited to 10,000+ record batches than the standard REST API), with the external system submitting a job, uploading CSV batches, and polling for completion status rather than a synchronous request-response pattern.

Question 60

You need an LWC that fetches 2,000 records from an external application, displays them for user selection, but doesn't save anything until the user explicitly selects records and clicks save. How would you architect this?

Accepted Answer

Fetch the data into the component's JavaScript state (not into any Salesforce object yet) via an imperative Apex call to a controller that calls the external system, render it in a lightning-datatable with row selection enabled, and only perform the actual Salesforce DML on the selected subset when the user clicks Save.

Question 61

OWD is Private but a user's Profile has both View All and Modify All checked for that object &#8212; what access does that user actually have?

Accepted Answer

View All and Modify All are Profile-level system permissions that override OWD entirely for that object &#8212; the user sees and can edit every record of that type regardless of the Private OWD setting, sharing rules, or role hierarchy.

Question 62

Write a trigger to display an error message preventing the creation of a duplicate Account.

Accepted Answer

On Account before insert, check the incoming Name against existing Account names in bulk, and call addError() on any record matching an existing one.

Question 63

Write a SOQL query to restore records from the Recycle Bin programmatically.

Accepted Answer

Use the ALL ROWS clause to query records including deleted ones still in the Recycle Bin, then perform an undelete DML statement on the resulting records.

Question 64

Two users have the same Profile, Role, and Permission Sets, with OWD set to Private for an object &#8212; will they see each other's records?

Accepted Answer

Not by default &#8212; Private OWD with no sharing rule, no manual sharing, and no role hierarchy relationship between them means each user sees only records they personally own, even with identical Profile/Role/Permission Set configuration.

89 Infosys Salesforce Interview Questions & Answers (2026) | SF Interview Pro

89 Infosys Salesforce Interview Questions & Answers (2026)

Apex, Triggers & Core Fundamentals