let customerName = "Anant";     // box labeled "customerName" contains "Anant"
let orderCount = 5;             // box labeled "orderCount" contains the number 5
let isUrgent = true;            // box labeled "isUrgent" contains true/false

// You can change what's in the box later:
orderCount = 6;  // the box now contains 6 instead of 5

let name = "Anant Kumar";     // String — text, always in quotes
let age = 28;                 // Number — no quotes
let isActive = true;           // Boolean — only true or false
let middleName = null;          // Null — intentionally "nothing"
let nickname;                    // Undefined — declared but never given a value
let hobbies = ["reading", "coding"]; // Array — an ordered list
let person = { name: "Anant", age: 28 }; // Object — labeled data bundle

let total = 10 + 5;   // 15 (addition)
let diff = 10 - 5;    // 5 (subtraction)
let product = 10 * 5; // 50 (multiplication)
let quotient = 10 / 5; // 2 (division)

10 > 5     // true (greater than)
10 < 5     // false (less than)
10 === 10  // true (strictly equal — SAME type AND value)
10 === "10" // false (number ≠ string, even though they "look" same)
10 == "10"  // true (loose equal — converts types first, AVOID THIS)
10 !== 5   // true (strictly NOT equal)

isLoggedIn && hasPermission   // AND — both must be true
isAdmin || isManager          // OR — at least one must be true
!isLoading                    // NOT — flips true to false, false to true

let orderAmount = 15000;

if (orderAmount > 10000) {
  console.log("This requires manager approval");
} else {
  console.log("Auto-approved");
}
// Since orderAmount is 15000, it prints "This requires manager approval"

if (orderAmount > 50000) {
  tier = "Platinum";
} else if (orderAmount > 20000) {
  tier = "Gold";
} else if (orderAmount > 5000) {
  tier = "Silver";
} else {
  tier = "Bronze";
}
// JavaScript checks each condition top to bottom, stops at the first true one

// Long way:
let message;
if (isUrgent) {
  message = "Urgent!";
} else {
  message = "Normal";
}

// Ternary shortcut — condition ? ifTrue : ifFalse
let message = isUrgent ? "Urgent!" : "Normal";  // same result, one line

for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
  console.log(`This is repetition number ${i}`);
}
// Prints: "This is repetition number 0" through "...number 4"
// i starts at 0, runs WHILE i < 5, adds 1 to i (i++) after each loop

let orderAmounts = [100, 250, 75, 500];

for (let i = 0; i < orderAmounts.length; i++) {
  console.log(`Order ${i + 1}: $${orderAmounts[i]}`);
}
// Prints: Order 1: $100, Order 2: $250, Order 3: $75, Order 4: $500

let attemptsLeft = 3;

while (attemptsLeft > 0) {
  console.log(`You have ${attemptsLeft} attempts left`);
  attemptsLeft = attemptsLeft - 1;
}
// Keeps running until attemptsLeft is no longer > 0

// Defining the function (writing the recipe)
function greet(name) {
  return `Hello, ${name}!`;
}

// Calling the function (using the recipe)
let message = greet("Anant");  // message is now "Hello, Anant!"
console.log(greet("Priya")); // prints "Hello, Priya!"

// You can call it as many times as you want, with different inputs!

// "name" here is a PARAMETER — a placeholder in the function definition
function calculateDiscount(price, discountPercent) {
  return price - (price * discountPercent / 100);
}

// "1000" and "20" here are ARGUMENTS — the actual values you pass in
let finalPrice = calculateDiscount(1000, 20); // finalPrice = 800

let account = {
  Name: "Acme Corporation",
  Industry: "Technology",
  AnnualRevenue: 5000000,
  IsActive: true
};

// Accessing a value using dot notation:
console.log(account.Name);     // "Acme Corporation"
console.log(account.Industry); // "Technology"

// Changing a value:
account.AnnualRevenue = 6000000;

let fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"];

// Accessing items by position (index) — starts at 0, not 1!
console.log(fruits[0]); // "apple" (the FIRST item)
console.log(fruits[1]); // "banana"
console.log(fruits.length); // 3 (how many items total)

let accounts = [
  { Name: "Acme Corp", Industry: "Tech" },
  { Name: "Globex Inc", Industry: "Finance" },
  { Name: "Initech", Industry: "Tech" }
];

console.log(accounts[0].Name); // "Acme Corp"
console.log(accounts.length); // 3 accounts total

// Combine with a loop (Concept 5) to go through every account:
for (let i = 0; i < accounts.length; i++) {
  console.log(accounts[i].Name);
}
// Prints: Acme Corp, Globex Inc, Initech